Research
Technology:
Pioneers: Although there were many employees working for 'develop motion pictures' in the late 1800's, the partnership between Thomas Edison and William Dickson (Both from the USA) and the brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere (From France) were seen as the most successful.
Technological Developments: Motion picture complexity has developed majorly over time, as it's continuing as time goes by. The film history has progressed, so has the sophisticated side of film-making technology for example, camera's, sound recording and editing. The size of catalogue cinematic formal elements has increased, enabling film-makers to make more complex films. Here are a few examples of how film-making is evolving due to new technology.
Moviola: Is a device that reproduces the picture and the sound of a film on a small scale to allow checking in editing.
Steenbeck flatbed editor: A type of machine that is used to edit film for a motion picture.
Linear/Non-Linear editing: Non-Linear is disjointed narrative, out of chronological order. Whereas Linear is in sequence, jointed narrative.
Digital editting software:
.Avid
.Premiere Pro
.Final Cut Pro
.iMovie
.Pinnacle Studio 16
.Corel VideoStudio Pro X6
Technological Developments: Motion picture complexity has developed majorly over time, as it's continuing as time goes by. The film history has progressed, so has the sophisticated side of film-making technology for example, camera's, sound recording and editing. The size of catalogue cinematic formal elements has increased, enabling film-makers to make more complex films. Here are a few examples of how film-making is evolving due to new technology.
- 3D Printing - usually designed with computer generated imagery and computer-aided design software. It can also achieve huge levels of detail, for an overall better finish.
- Virtual Reality - This simply brings a very different viewing experience for the audience, it makes it far more exciting and entertaining.
Moviola: Is a device that reproduces the picture and the sound of a film on a small scale to allow checking in editing.
Steenbeck flatbed editor: A type of machine that is used to edit film for a motion picture.
Linear/Non-Linear editing: Non-Linear is disjointed narrative, out of chronological order. Whereas Linear is in sequence, jointed narrative.
Digital editting software:
.Avid
.Premiere Pro
.Final Cut Pro
.iMovie
.Pinnacle Studio 16
.Corel VideoStudio Pro X6
Purpose of editing:
Storytelling: In editing the sequence is vital and needs to be able to form a narrative. It needs to be arranged in an engaging order that holds the audiences attention. Films are often edited in an order which follows the narrative, mostly starting with a beginning, climax and end. Sometimes directors change the order to engage the audience and make them try to work out the plot. An example of this is in the film 'Memento' the character is suffering from memory loss and as the film progresses more of the narrative is told through his memories and flash backs, the audience are constantly guessing.
Combining shots into sequences: Combining shots into a sequence is the placement of the filmed footage, it's ensuring that they are place in the best position which makes the film flow. When the shots have been individually edited then they can be placed into a successful sequence. The editing needs to run smoothly so that the audience doesn't think about the editing, therefore the audiences attention is on the narrative of the film.
Creating pace: Creating a pace when editing is where the film speeds up or slows down at certain parts to match parts of the narrative in the film. Chase scenes in films are always edited at a quick pace, the shots are cut quickly this creates a tense atmosphere that makes the audience feel as if they are involved in the film. Horror films often use a slower pace to create suspense, the audience anticipates the next scare.
Combining shots into sequences: Combining shots into a sequence is the placement of the filmed footage, it's ensuring that they are place in the best position which makes the film flow. When the shots have been individually edited then they can be placed into a successful sequence. The editing needs to run smoothly so that the audience doesn't think about the editing, therefore the audiences attention is on the narrative of the film.
Creating pace: Creating a pace when editing is where the film speeds up or slows down at certain parts to match parts of the narrative in the film. Chase scenes in films are always edited at a quick pace, the shots are cut quickly this creates a tense atmosphere that makes the audience feel as if they are involved in the film. Horror films often use a slower pace to create suspense, the audience anticipates the next scare.
Conventions and techniques used in editing
Seamless: A perfectly consistent plot, could also mean well matched cuts and making sure each action flows nicely without even noticing it.
Continuity: A system of cutting footage to maintain continuous and clear narrative action by following a set of rules
Motivation: This is the most basic form of editing, it simply alludes to something which is not in the frame and then cuts to a particular item or event.
Providing and withholding information
Montage: A series of short shots that are edited into a sequence to condense space, time and information. This technique narrows it down to make it look a lot more effective and visually attractive.
Providing and with-holding information: This means limiting the information given out so the viewers are left guessing and asking questions. This means they'll be more intrigued and hooked, which will hopefully allow the viewer to continue watching the particular film/programme.
Jump cutting: Jump cut is a transition between two shots which appear to jump, due to the way the shots are framed in relationship to each other.
Cross Cutting: It is an editing technique which is used within most films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In a cut away the camera will cut from one action to another.
180 degree rule: It is a cinematic guideline that states two characters within a scene should maintain the same left/right relationship to one another.
Single camera technique: Shot-Reverse shot: Is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then another character is shown looking back at the first character.
Use of transitions e.g. Cut, Dissolve, Fade:
. Cut is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another.
Cutting to soundtrack.
. Dissolve is an editing technique where one clip dissolves, or fade to the next.
. The fade in and fade out usually signal the beginning and end of a film.
Cutting to soundtrack: A technique where each cut is influenced by the style of music heard in the background. Often when there is a chase scene the music will also be fast paced and the shots will be cut to the pace of the scene and music.
Continuity: A system of cutting footage to maintain continuous and clear narrative action by following a set of rules
Motivation: This is the most basic form of editing, it simply alludes to something which is not in the frame and then cuts to a particular item or event.
Providing and withholding information
Montage: A series of short shots that are edited into a sequence to condense space, time and information. This technique narrows it down to make it look a lot more effective and visually attractive.
Providing and with-holding information: This means limiting the information given out so the viewers are left guessing and asking questions. This means they'll be more intrigued and hooked, which will hopefully allow the viewer to continue watching the particular film/programme.
Jump cutting: Jump cut is a transition between two shots which appear to jump, due to the way the shots are framed in relationship to each other.
Cross Cutting: It is an editing technique which is used within most films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In a cut away the camera will cut from one action to another.
180 degree rule: It is a cinematic guideline that states two characters within a scene should maintain the same left/right relationship to one another.
Single camera technique: Shot-Reverse shot: Is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then another character is shown looking back at the first character.
Use of transitions e.g. Cut, Dissolve, Fade:
. Cut is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another.
Cutting to soundtrack.
. Dissolve is an editing technique where one clip dissolves, or fade to the next.
. The fade in and fade out usually signal the beginning and end of a film.
Cutting to soundtrack: A technique where each cut is influenced by the style of music heard in the background. Often when there is a chase scene the music will also be fast paced and the shots will be cut to the pace of the scene and music.
Script:
Completed Video:
Screenshots of editing documentary:
First we selected the audio we were going to use for the beginning and end of our documentary, we then cut it down until it was only the audio that we wanted.
After that, we collected a range of stock footage. We then cut the stock footage down and placed it over the top of our interviews and audio so it made our documentary more interesting visually.
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We then selected the interviews we wanted to use, we then cut them down and put them into the correct order we wanted.
When then finished the editing by adding the information of who was being interviewed and what our stock footage was showing, so the audience had a clearer understanding.
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